Multinational companies operating across the U.S. and China increasingly face a difficult compliance dilemma: complying with one country’s sanctions, export controls, or other trade restrictions may create legal risk under the other’s retaliatory laws. As both countries expand the use of export controls, sanctions, and other economic restrictions to advance national security and foreign policy objectives, companies now find themselves subject to competing and sometimes conflicting legal obligations that impact supply chains, customer relationships, operations, and investment