The Telephone Consumer Protection Act (TCPA), which regulates telemarketing, fax advertising, and the National Do Not Call Registry, has been around for over 30 years. During this time, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has issued multiple orders and regulations interpreting the TCPA, which most courts and litigants believed were binding. This is because of a federal statute called the Administrative Orders Review Act, also known as the Hobbs Act, which stated that a federal court of appeals had


